What is a common first-line medication for hypertension?

ACE inhibitors are commonly used as a first-line medication for the treatment of hypertension due to their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure and improving cardiovascular outcomes. They work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which prevents the formation of angiotensin II—a substance that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. By decreasing this constriction, ACE inhibitors help relax blood vessels, leading to lower blood pressure and reduced strain on the heart.

In addition to their role in directly lowering blood pressure, ACE inhibitors also offer protective effects on the kidneys, particularly in patients with conditions like diabetes or chronic kidney disease. They are generally well-tolerated, making them a standard choice for initial therapy in managing hypertension.

The other options do not serve as first-line treatments for hypertension. Antidepressants, while useful in treating mood disorders, don't directly address blood pressure management. Antibiotics are used to treat infections, not hypertension, and sedatives may temporarily lower blood pressure but are not a legitimate treatment option for managing high blood pressure in the long term.