Which patient is at the highest risk of developing hypertension?

The elderly man who smokes is at the highest risk of developing hypertension due to several interconnected factors. Age is a significant risk factor for hypertension; as individuals get older, their blood vessel elasticity tends to decrease, which can lead to higher blood pressure. Additionally, smoking contributes to vascular damage and increases heart rate, both of which can elevate blood pressure levels. The chemicals in cigarettes can also lead to inflammation and narrowing of blood vessels, further compounding the risk of hypertension.

In contrast, the other options present individuals with protective factors against hypertension. The 25-year-old woman who exercises regularly is likely to maintain healthier blood pressure levels due to physical activity, which helps regulate weight and improve cardiovascular health. The 30-year-old woman with a healthy diet is also at a lower risk, as a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can positively impact blood pressure. Similarly, the 40-year-old man with a normal BMI is less likely to develop hypertension compared to the elderly man, as maintaining a normal weight is associated with a lower risk of hypertension.